chloride

Ways to Quantify the Perception of Bitterness in Beer

by Brad Smith on February 14, 2022 · 0 comments

This week I take a look at some of the factors affecting how bitterness in beer is perceived and how they interact in a finished beer. Bitterness Perception in Beer For many years, I thought that the International Bitterness Units (IBU) level drove the overall bitterness level in a finished beer. As I matured as […]

The Big Six Water Ions and Water Chemistry in Beer Brewing

by Brad Smith on August 6, 2021 · 5 comments

This week I take a look at the big six water ions in your water profile that drive the water chemistry of beer brewing. The Big Six Water Ions When we measure our starting brewing water or adjust our water, there are six main ions dissolved in the water that drive the mash pH as […]

The Sulfate to Chloride Ratio and Beer Bitterness

by Brad Smith on February 11, 2016 · 5 comments

This week I look at the Sulfate to Chloride ratio and how it can have a significant impact on the perceived bitterness of your beer. In fact, it is probably second only to mash pH when we discuss the flavor impacts of water as a beer ingredient. The Sulfate to Chloride Ratio Chloride ions tend […]