............ a standing addition to make up for the lower utilization from first wort.
Most people/things (incl BSmith) assume that FWH adds to bittering extraction slightly. Logically, that makes sense to me since the hops are there for the entire steeping time, the rise to boiling, and then the full boil time. My personal experience led me to think, however, that the
perception of bittering was less. I can't measure IBUs, but FWH does seem smoother and I felt several FWH beers came up short on bittering.
If anyone has good links on this aspect of FWH, please post here. Thx.