The "Age for" is once you have already bottled or kegged the fermented beer. The aging helps "mellow" the beer and is just a recomendation. Usually I drink it long before the aging time
The general process is to
1. create your wort (different ways if all grain, partial mash, or extract brewer)
2. boil the wort, adding hops along the way
3. cool the wort to fermentation temperature, around room temp for ales
4. put the wort into your primary fermentor
5. add yeast
6. wait 4 - 7 days in the primary
7. rack to a secondary (optional) for an additional 7-14 days
8. bottle or keg
9. wait for carbonation (14 days if bottling)
10. age, if desired (this involves more waiting that I usually can't do)
11. drink
I know I've oversimplified this, but there it is.
